Recent Advancements in Nanomaterial-Decorated Biomass-Derived Carbon for High-Performance Supercapacitor Applications

In the 21st century, the depletion of non-renewable energy sources has driven the pursuit of sustainable, efficient, and environmentally friendly energy conversion and storage devices to meet the growing global demands. Electrochemical supercapacitors have emerged as the leading choice owing to their high energy density, long durability, and eco-friendly nature. This review highlights the potential of nanomaterial-decorated biomass-derived carbon (BDC) as an advanced electrode material in high-performance supercapacitors (SCs). BDC is generally recognized as a good SC material. When nanomaterials, including heteroatoms, metal compounds, and conducting polymers, are introduced into BDC, they enhance their properties, making it a compelling choice due to its renewable nature, abundant availability, remarkable surface area, and excellent electrochemical performance. Based on these advantages, this study explores various synthesis methods and strategies to optimize the specific power, durability, and electrochemical efficiency of nanomaterial-decorated BDC, as BDC is a cost-effective precursor. These attributes make BDC a promising candidate for sustainable energy storage. Additionally, this review addresses current challenges and proposes innovative approaches to overcome them, offering new directions for future research and industrial development. This work underscores the role of nanomaterial-decorated BDC in advancing eco-friendly, high-performance energy storage technologies for a sustainable future.