Reaction chemistry and technology for catalyst design using Hierarchical metal oxide nano-consortium: Butane to butadiene

Typical example of reaction chemistry and technology for catalyst design is illustrated with the synthesis of butadiene from n-butane through oxidative dehydrogenation on metal oxide nano-sized (defined as ca. 1-50 nm, and here called as nano-) consortium catalyst. Hierarchical Ni-Bi-O/Al₂O₃ nano-consortium catalyst is well-designed to obtain as showing the best performance, especially with the highest butadiene selectivity. In this review paper, the following items are introduced:1) nano-porous catalyst based on pore structure of support; 2) reaction chemistry and technology for catalyst design of butane-to-butadiene; 3) activity and selectivity depending on nickel oxide loading to nano-porous alumina; 4) activity and selectivity improvement with bismuth oxide cohabiting to nickel oxide/nano-porous alumina; 5) hierarchical metal oxide nano-consortium catalyst; 6) confirmation for catalyst design based on reaction chemistry.