Radiation effect on three-dimensional stagnation point flow involving copper-aqueous titania hybrid nanofluid induced by a non-Fourier heat flux over a horizontal plane surface

This research numerically investigates 3D stagnation-point flow (SPF) past a horizontal plane surface conveying copper-aqueous titania hybrid nanofluid induced by non-Fourier heat flux (NFHF) that utilized in heat transfer processes. A Tiwari-Das model is engaged to examine the fluid flow dynamics and the heat transfer features of the hybrid nanofluid with thermal radiation effect. With aid of similarity variables, the leading nonlinear system involving partial differential equations (PDEs) is reduced to a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). This set of dimensionless coupled ODEs is then tackled through the bvp4c solver in MATLAB. For hybrid nanofluid, the graphical findings of the pertaining parameters as well as the saddle/nodal indicative parameter are disclosed and explained with the assist of figures and tables. The results illustrate that the rise of hybrid nanoparticles declines the motion of the fluids in both axes of coordinates ( and directions), while the temperature enhances. In addition, the temperature distribution declines due to relaxation parameter but uplifts due to radiation. Also, the thermal relaxation parameter reduces the temperature. Moreover, the present solution displays an excellent agreement with earlier published works in the limited cases of normal fluid and nanofluid.