Prophylactic Effects of Methylene Blue, Coconut and Olive Oils Supplements on Hemato-Biochemical and Histo-pathological Parameters against p-Phenylenediamine Toxicity in Male Albino Rats

Self-poisoning with p-phenylenediamine (PPD) is a common method in individuals experiencing social or economic stress. The current study was planned to determine various physiological effects of the poison and to identify an effective antidote against PPD toxicity. The hemato-biochemical profile along with histo-pathological examination of kidneys, brain, heart and lungs were conducted in the adult male albino rats (n=25) supplemented with methylene blue, coconut and olive oils post-PPD toxicity. A significant (p<0.05) decrease in the hematological parameters except a significant (p<0.05) increase in the leukocyte count was observed in the animals injected only with PPD (30mg/kg BW) compared to the control negative group. The animals supplemented with methylene blue, olive, or coconut oils post-PPD injection showed a significant (p<0.05) amelioration in the hematological parameters compared to the PPD-only control group. PPD toxicity significantly (p<0.01) increased the hepatic (ALT, AST, bilirubin) and renal (urea, creatinine) markers and level of CK-MB compared to the control negative group. The supplementation of animals with methylene blue, coconut and olive oils showed protective effects by significantly (p<0.05) decreasing the levels of hepatic and renal markers and CK-MB along with improvement in the histo-architecture of the heart, kidneys, lungs and brain. The animals supplemented with olive oil showed better results, since it has been found to partially reverse the effects of PPD toxicity compared to methylene blue and coconut oil and thus, could be used as a possible anti-dote against PPD toxicity.