Potential of Microalgae as Feed Supplements for Sustainable Aquaculture

Aquaculture is a fast-growing industry mainly depends on the key feedstuffs, fishmeal (FM) and fish oil (FO) that will be limited with the passage of time due to the insubstantial resources available for wild fish harvesting. Therefore, other sources of feedstuffs need to be investigated to substitute FM and FO in aquafeeds. Terrestrial crops can be used to substitutes a portion of the FM however; they can result in changes in the nutritional quality of the fish produced. Microalgae can be considered as a favorable alternative that can substitute FM and FO ensuring the principles of sustainability in aquaculture. Microalgae are reasonably rich in proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, pigments, etc., which are essential for not only sustaining fish health but also its unique array of bioactive compounds can improve coloration and quality of fillet. The aim of this review is to provide an update of the current knowledge of microalgae as a supplement or feed additive to substitute FM and FO in aquafeeds. This review will provide a platform to highlight the potential of microalgae-based aquafeeds for a sustainable aquaculture industry.