Potential alternative fuels feedstocks

The growing imperative to decrease the emissions of greenhouse gases and curtail dependence on fossil fuel has spurred significant interest in alternative fuels. This has been further accelerated by stringent regulations and commitments to achieve net-zero emissions by governments and global supply chains. In the context of the Indian cement industry’s aim to achieve net-zero CO2emissions by 2070, the utilization of alternative fuels has emerged as a critical mechanism. This chapter examines potential alternative feedstocks for biofuel production, encompassing a diverse array of biofuels, including biomass pallets, biogas, hydrogen, ethanol, biodiesel, biojet fuel, and charcoal. The discussion covers a widespread variety of feedstocks, namely, water hyacinth, jackfruit waste, coconut fibers and shells, bamboo, agricultural waste, food waste, waste cooking oil, plastic waste, and waste tires, offering an exhaustive exploration of potential pathways for biofuel production.