Porous Ag₃VO₄/KIT-6 composite: Synthesis, characterization and enhanced photocatalytic performance for degradation of Congo Red

Novel Ag₃VO₄/KIT-6 nanocomposite photocatalyst has been successfully fabricated by a newly-designed simple hard-template induction process, in which the particles of Ag₃VO₄ were grown on the KIT-6 surface and inside the porous framework of the silica matrix. The developed porous framework nanocomposite was characterized by several techniques including N₂-Physiosorption analysis. The obtained nanocomposite revealed a high surface area (273.86 m²/g) along with the possession of monoclinic Ag₃VO₄, which is highly responsive to visible light (with distinct intensity at about 700 nm). The UV–Vis DRS reveals that the Ag₃VO₄/KIT-6 photocatalyst bears a bandgap of 2.29 eV which confirms that the material has a good visible light response. The synthesized nanocomposite was tested for its superior physicochemical properties by evaluating its degradation efficiency for Congo Red (CR). The novel composite exhibited superior degradation capability of CR, reaching up to 96.49%, which was around three times the pure Ag₃VO₄. The detailed kinetic study revealed that the as-prepared material followed a pseudo first order kinetic model for the CR degradation. The study includes a comprehensive parametric study for the formulation of the optimized reaction conditions for photocatalytic reactions. The commercial applicability of the composite material was investigated by a regeneration and recyclability test, which revealed extraordinary results. Furthermore, the possible degradation pathway for CR was also proposed.