Polymeric sulfonic acid composites for fuel cell applications: Effects of casting solvent and sonication time on membrane performance

Polymer blends comprising sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) and 3wt% (2- Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid) (PAMPS) were prepared by solution casting method. Two solvents (N,N-Dimethylacetamide (DMAc) and N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP)) were uesd separately. Residual solvents in the membrane samples after drying were quantified using thermo gravimetric analysis. Effects of periods of sonication (0 to 90 minutes) and types of solvent on the membrane performance were evaluated interms of morphology and water uptake. An attempt was made to correlate membrane performance with the time of sonication in order to select the most suitable solvent and membrane casting conditions for subsequent membrane preparations. For both solvents, the water uptake was observed to first decrease at 10 minutes of sonication and then increased as the sonication time was increased. The minimum water uptake recorded for DMAc samples was 19.23% at 20 minutes sonication time while that of NMP sample was 24.24% at 10 minutes. However membrane morphology was found to deteriorate with increase in sonication time. No correlation was obtained between the membrane properties and the sonication time. In general, membrane performance was better for membranes samples using DMAc than NMP solvent. Therefore, DMAc was selected as the casting solvent for membrane preparation on which further studies will be carried out.