Photocatalytic Degradation of Maxilon Dye Pollutants using Nano-Architecture Functional Materials: A Review

The most essential task in the twenty-first century is to fight the alarming growing pollution in the aquatic body in which effluent of one of the most colouring dye categories called maxilon dye is a major contributor. This review thus specifically focuses on the use of nanoparticles (NPs) for photocatalytic degradation of maxilon dye contaminants in water bodies. The work empirically presented the performance evaluation of NPs in degrading maxilon dyes under light irradiation alongside the underlying operational photocatalytic degradation mechanism. The stability of NPs was also critically analyzed by looking at the regenerability and reusability of expended NPs. From the study, it was discovered that ⋅OH and O₂⋅ played a vital role in the genesis of the oxidizing capacity of NPs for the photocatalytic breakdown of maxilon dye. Moreover, it was found that the degradation performance of most NPs is greater than 80 % and the shortest degradation period is < 1 hour with pseudo-first-order (PFO) being the most common kinetic best-fit to describe the adsorption process that occurred shortly before and during the degradation operation. At the end, knowledge gaps were identified in the area of regenerability, the lifecycle analyses of nano-photocatalyst fabrication and utilization, cost analysis for industrial scale-up, maxilon dye ecotoxicological study, and degradation pathways. The findings of this study can open up insightful innovation for readers and industries that are interested in pursuing zero water insecurity.