Performance Analysis of a Dual Concentrated Photovoltaic System with Phase Change Materials

The performance of concentrated photovoltaic (CPV) systems is strongly limited by thermal stresses induced under high solar concentration. To address this challenge, this study investigates the thermal regulation of a dual CPV system (dCPVPCM) integrated with an optimized phase change material (PCM) under the hot climatic conditions of Dammam, Saudi Arabia. A coupled optical-thermal-electrical numerical model, validated against experimental and manufacturer data, was employed to analyze system behavior across representative seasons. The results show that PCM buffering effectively stabilized module temperatures, with CPV temperatures maintained below 75°C and PV temperatures below 68°C, even under peak summer conditions. This regulation not only prevented overheating but also improved electrical performance and reduced the risk of thermal degradation. By ensuring stable operation without additional energy input, PCM integration offers a sustainable, passive, and cost-effective approach for enhancing efficiency and extending the lifespan of CPV systems in high-temperature environments. These findings highlight the potential of tailored PCM-based cooling strategies as a pathway toward reliable and scalable solar energy technologies in regions facing extreme thermal loads.