Particulate matter concentration and health risk assessment for a residential building during COVID-19 pandemic in Abha, Saudi Arabia

Salem Algarni; Roohul Abad Khan; Nadeem Ahmad Khan; Nabisab Mujawar Mubarak

doi:10.1007/s11356-021-15534-6

Particulate matter concentration and health risk assessment for a residential building during COVID-19 pandemic in Abha, Saudi Arabia

Salem Algarni
, Roohul Abad Khan
, Nadeem Ahmad Khan^*
, Nabisab Mujawar Mubarak^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

26 Scopus citations

Abstract

Building and its environment are in focus owing to health impact attributed to indoor air quality. This study was carried out to assess indoor air quality in terms of particulate matter (PM) and carbon dioxide in a residential building, during COVD-19 pandemic lockdown from March 25 to April 23, 2020, Abha, Saudi Arabia. The PM concentration range for kitchen, bedroom, and hall were 40,000–81000 μg/m³ (PM_0.3), 15,000–26000 μg/m³ (PM_0.5), 4000–6000 μg/m³ (PM₁), 1100–1500 μg/m³ (PM_2.5), 160–247 μg/m³ (PM₅), and 60–95 μg/m³ (PM₁₀). The results of this study suggest that bedroom needs to be ventilated as CO₂ concentration was reaching 700 ppm during sleep hours. PM concentration was exceeding 300 μg/m³ (unhealthy) for all particle sizes of PM_0.3, PM_0.5, PM₁, and PM_2.5 except for PM₁₀ which was also above safe limits (0–50 μg/m³). Also, with influential habit (aromatic smoke), these concentrations increased 2–28 times for PM. The hazard quotient value greater than 1 revealed potential health risk to the inhabitants. Hence, future studies are needed for developing indoor air quality guidelines for residential buildings in Saudi Arabia and better planning and management of energy consumption.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	65822-65831
Number of pages	10
Journal	Environmental Science and Pollution Research
Volume	28
Issue number	46
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-15534-6
State	Published - Dec 2021
Externally published	Yes

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

SDG 3 Good Health and Well-being

Keywords

COVID-19
Carbon dioxide
Hazard quotient
Indoor air quality
Particulate matter

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Environmental Chemistry
Pollution
Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis

Access to Document

10.1007/s11356-021-15534-6

Cite this

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title = "Particulate matter concentration and health risk assessment for a residential building during COVID-19 pandemic in Abha, Saudi Arabia",

abstract = "Building and its environment are in focus owing to health impact attributed to indoor air quality. This study was carried out to assess indoor air quality in terms of particulate matter (PM) and carbon dioxide in a residential building, during COVD-19 pandemic lockdown from March 25 to April 23, 2020, Abha, Saudi Arabia. The PM concentration range for kitchen, bedroom, and hall were 40,000{\textendash}81000 μg/m3 (PM0.3), 15,000{\textendash}26000 μg/m3 (PM0.5), 4000{\textendash}6000 μg/m3 (PM1), 1100{\textendash}1500 μg/m3 (PM2.5), 160{\textendash}247 μg/m3 (PM5), and 60{\textendash}95 μg/m3 (PM10). The results of this study suggest that bedroom needs to be ventilated as CO2 concentration was reaching 700 ppm during sleep hours. PM concentration was exceeding 300 μg/m3 (unhealthy) for all particle sizes of PM0.3, PM0.5, PM1, and PM2.5 except for PM10 which was also above safe limits (0{\textendash}50 μg/m3). Also, with influential habit (aromatic smoke), these concentrations increased 2{\textendash}28 times for PM. The hazard quotient value greater than 1 revealed potential health risk to the inhabitants. Hence, future studies are needed for developing indoor air quality guidelines for residential buildings in Saudi Arabia and better planning and management of energy consumption.",

keywords = "COVID-19, Carbon dioxide, Hazard quotient, Indoor air quality, Particulate matter",

author = "Salem Algarni and Khan, \{Roohul Abad\} and Khan, \{Nadeem Ahmad\} and Mubarak, \{Nabisab Mujawar\}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.",

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doi = "10.1007/s11356-021-15534-6",

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journal = "Environmental Science and Pollution Research",

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AU - Khan, Roohul Abad

AU - Khan, Nadeem Ahmad

AU - Mubarak, Nabisab Mujawar

PY - 2021/12

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N2 - Building and its environment are in focus owing to health impact attributed to indoor air quality. This study was carried out to assess indoor air quality in terms of particulate matter (PM) and carbon dioxide in a residential building, during COVD-19 pandemic lockdown from March 25 to April 23, 2020, Abha, Saudi Arabia. The PM concentration range for kitchen, bedroom, and hall were 40,000–81000 μg/m3 (PM0.3), 15,000–26000 μg/m3 (PM0.5), 4000–6000 μg/m3 (PM1), 1100–1500 μg/m3 (PM2.5), 160–247 μg/m3 (PM5), and 60–95 μg/m3 (PM10). The results of this study suggest that bedroom needs to be ventilated as CO2 concentration was reaching 700 ppm during sleep hours. PM concentration was exceeding 300 μg/m3 (unhealthy) for all particle sizes of PM0.3, PM0.5, PM1, and PM2.5 except for PM10 which was also above safe limits (0–50 μg/m3). Also, with influential habit (aromatic smoke), these concentrations increased 2–28 times for PM. The hazard quotient value greater than 1 revealed potential health risk to the inhabitants. Hence, future studies are needed for developing indoor air quality guidelines for residential buildings in Saudi Arabia and better planning and management of energy consumption.

AB - Building and its environment are in focus owing to health impact attributed to indoor air quality. This study was carried out to assess indoor air quality in terms of particulate matter (PM) and carbon dioxide in a residential building, during COVD-19 pandemic lockdown from March 25 to April 23, 2020, Abha, Saudi Arabia. The PM concentration range for kitchen, bedroom, and hall were 40,000–81000 μg/m3 (PM0.3), 15,000–26000 μg/m3 (PM0.5), 4000–6000 μg/m3 (PM1), 1100–1500 μg/m3 (PM2.5), 160–247 μg/m3 (PM5), and 60–95 μg/m3 (PM10). The results of this study suggest that bedroom needs to be ventilated as CO2 concentration was reaching 700 ppm during sleep hours. PM concentration was exceeding 300 μg/m3 (unhealthy) for all particle sizes of PM0.3, PM0.5, PM1, and PM2.5 except for PM10 which was also above safe limits (0–50 μg/m3). Also, with influential habit (aromatic smoke), these concentrations increased 2–28 times for PM. The hazard quotient value greater than 1 revealed potential health risk to the inhabitants. Hence, future studies are needed for developing indoor air quality guidelines for residential buildings in Saudi Arabia and better planning and management of energy consumption.

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KW - Hazard quotient

KW - Indoor air quality

KW - Particulate matter

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Particulate matter concentration and health risk assessment for a residential building during COVID-19 pandemic in Abha, Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Bibliographical note

UN SDGs

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Access to Document

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Cite this