Paleoproductivity shifts since the last 130 ka off Lakshadweep, Southeastern Arabian Sea

Kannaiyan Neelavannan; S. M. Hussain; N. Mohammed Nishath; Hema Achyuthan; S. Veerasingam; Muthusamy Prakasam; Pankaj Kumar; Pramod Singh; P. John Kurian

doi:10.1016/j.rsma.2021.101776

Paleoproductivity shifts since the last 130 ka off Lakshadweep, Southeastern Arabian Sea

Kannaiyan Neelavannan^*
, S. M. Hussain
, N. Mohammed Nishath
, Hema Achyuthan
, S. Veerasingam
, Muthusamy Prakasam
, Pankaj Kumar
, Pramod Singh
, P. John Kurian

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

6 Scopus citations

Abstract

Marine sediment deposited on the ocean floor and near coastal areas, the western coastal regions of India provide records of monsoonal shifts and productivity. To understand the paleoproductivity in the northern Indian Ocean, we analyzed carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, total organic carbon (TOC) and calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) in a deep-sea sediment core collected using gravity corer (GC-01) off Lakshadweep, Southeastern Arabian Sea. The results were then compared with the previous data generated from the surrounding area sediment cores to understand the productivity variations since the last 130 ka. The CaCO₃ content in the sediment core varies from 40.82% to 62.48% (with a mean value of 51.96%) and it is noted that these values were lower during the glacial episodes (Marine Isotope Stages-2 and 4) than the interglacial episodes (MIS-1, 3 and 5). The C/N ratio varied from 0.14 to 34.25, but was less than 9, since ∼74 ka to recent, suggesting a marine origin for the organic carbon. The C/N ratio fluctuated significantly during MIS-5, and relatively the highest C/N ratio was observed at 5e ∼127, 5d ∼110 and 5b ∼85 ka, corresponding to stadials 5b and 5d, (except 5e) indicating terrestrial OC from C₃ plants. The low C/N ratios during ∼128, ∼102, ∼76 and ∼32 ka match with the interstadials especially during MIS 5 (5a, 5c and 5e), correspondingly, and are marine OC in the source. This suggests that the MIS-5 stadial was interrupted via land source signifying higher productivity owing to the strong southwest monsoon during these periods. Further, high productivity was also observed during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and Holocene in the Southeastern Arabian Sea since the 130 ka.

Original language	English
Article number	101776
Journal	Regional Studies in Marine Science
Volume	44
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsma.2021.101776
State	Published - May 2021

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
The authors are thankful to the Director, National Center for Polar and Ocean Research (NCPOR), Goa, for giving the opportunity to participate in the oceanographic cruise program to collect the sediment core samples. Authors are thankful to the Director, IUAC for extending 14 C AMS facility funded by Ministry of Earth Science (MoES), Govt. of India with reference number MoES/16/07/11(i)-RDEAS and MoES/P.O.(Seismic)8(09)-Geochron/2012. The authors are thankful to Dr Rahul Mohan, Scientist E, NCAOR, Goa, for providing laboratory facilities Ms Kalpana Dhiman, for helping during the Coulometer analysis, and Dr G. N. Nayak, Professor and Dr Ms Shabnam Choudhary, Department of Marine Science, Goa University, for providing laboratory facilities to carry out the phosphorus analysis.

Funding Information:
The authors are thankful to the Director, National Center for Polar and Ocean Research (NCPOR), Goa, for giving the opportunity to participate in the oceanographic cruise program to collect the sediment core samples. Authors are thankful to the Director, IUAC for extending 14C AMS facility funded by Ministry of Earth Science (MoES), Govt. of India with reference number MoES/16/07/11(i)-RDEAS and MoES/P.O.(Seismic)8(09)-Geochron/2012. The authors are thankful to Dr Rahul Mohan, Scientist E, NCAOR, Goa, for providing laboratory facilities Ms Kalpana Dhiman, for helping during the Coulometer analysis, and Dr G. N. Nayak, Professor and Dr Ms Shabnam Choudhary, Department of Marine Science, Goa University, for providing laboratory facilities to carry out the phosphorus analysis. All authors have contributed for the preparation of the manuscript. The author K.N is thankful to the Department of Science and Technology, Promotion of University Research and Scientific Excellence (DST-PURSE), for providing Junior Research Fellowship (JRF).

Funding Information:
The author K.N is thankful to the Department of Science and Technology, Promotion of University Research and Scientific Excellence (DST-PURSE), for providing Junior Research Fellowship (JRF).

Publisher Copyright:
© 2021

Keywords

Arabian Sea
Calcium carbonate
Organic carbon
Paleoproductivity
SW monsoon

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Aquatic Science
Ecology
Animal Science and Zoology

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10.1016/j.rsma.2021.101776

Cite this

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title = "Paleoproductivity shifts since the last 130 ka off Lakshadweep, Southeastern Arabian Sea",

abstract = "Marine sediment deposited on the ocean floor and near coastal areas, the western coastal regions of India provide records of monsoonal shifts and productivity. To understand the paleoproductivity in the northern Indian Ocean, we analyzed carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, total organic carbon (TOC) and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) in a deep-sea sediment core collected using gravity corer (GC-01) off Lakshadweep, Southeastern Arabian Sea. The results were then compared with the previous data generated from the surrounding area sediment cores to understand the productivity variations since the last 130 ka. The CaCO3 content in the sediment core varies from 40.82\% to 62.48\% (with a mean value of 51.96\%) and it is noted that these values were lower during the glacial episodes (Marine Isotope Stages-2 and 4) than the interglacial episodes (MIS-1, 3 and 5). The C/N ratio varied from 0.14 to 34.25, but was less than 9, since ∼74 ka to recent, suggesting a marine origin for the organic carbon. The C/N ratio fluctuated significantly during MIS-5, and relatively the highest C/N ratio was observed at 5e ∼127, 5d ∼110 and 5b ∼85 ka, corresponding to stadials 5b and 5d, (except 5e) indicating terrestrial OC from C3 plants. The low C/N ratios during ∼128, ∼102, ∼76 and ∼32 ka match with the interstadials especially during MIS 5 (5a, 5c and 5e), correspondingly, and are marine OC in the source. This suggests that the MIS-5 stadial was interrupted via land source signifying higher productivity owing to the strong southwest monsoon during these periods. Further, high productivity was also observed during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and Holocene in the Southeastern Arabian Sea since the 130 ka.",

keywords = "Arabian Sea, Calcium carbonate, Organic carbon, Paleoproductivity, SW monsoon",

author = "Kannaiyan Neelavannan and Hussain, \{S. M.\} and Nishath, \{N. Mohammed\} and Hema Achyuthan and S. Veerasingam and Muthusamy Prakasam and Pankaj Kumar and Pramod Singh and Kurian, \{P. John\}",

note = "Funding Information: The authors are thankful to the Director, National Center for Polar and Ocean Research (NCPOR), Goa, for giving the opportunity to participate in the oceanographic cruise program to collect the sediment core samples. Authors are thankful to the Director, IUAC for extending 14 C AMS facility funded by Ministry of Earth Science (MoES), Govt. of India with reference number MoES/16/07/11(i)-RDEAS and MoES/P.O.(Seismic)8(09)-Geochron/2012. The authors are thankful to Dr Rahul Mohan, Scientist E, NCAOR, Goa, for providing laboratory facilities Ms Kalpana Dhiman, for helping during the Coulometer analysis, and Dr G. N. Nayak, Professor and Dr Ms Shabnam Choudhary, Department of Marine Science, Goa University, for providing laboratory facilities to carry out the phosphorus analysis. Funding Information: The authors are thankful to the Director, National Center for Polar and Ocean Research (NCPOR), Goa, for giving the opportunity to participate in the oceanographic cruise program to collect the sediment core samples. Authors are thankful to the Director, IUAC for extending 14C AMS facility funded by Ministry of Earth Science (MoES), Govt. of India with reference number MoES/16/07/11(i)-RDEAS and MoES/P.O.(Seismic)8(09)-Geochron/2012. The authors are thankful to Dr Rahul Mohan, Scientist E, NCAOR, Goa, for providing laboratory facilities Ms Kalpana Dhiman, for helping during the Coulometer analysis, and Dr G. N. Nayak, Professor and Dr Ms Shabnam Choudhary, Department of Marine Science, Goa University, for providing laboratory facilities to carry out the phosphorus analysis. All authors have contributed for the preparation of the manuscript. The author K.N is thankful to the Department of Science and Technology, Promotion of University Research and Scientific Excellence (DST-PURSE), for providing Junior Research Fellowship (JRF). Funding Information: The author K.N is thankful to the Department of Science and Technology, Promotion of University Research and Scientific Excellence (DST-PURSE), for providing Junior Research Fellowship (JRF). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021",

year = "2021",

month = may,

doi = "10.1016/j.rsma.2021.101776",

language = "English",

volume = "44",

journal = "Regional Studies in Marine Science",

issn = "2352-4855",

publisher = "Elsevier B.V.",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Paleoproductivity shifts since the last 130 ka off Lakshadweep, Southeastern Arabian Sea

AU - Neelavannan, Kannaiyan

AU - Hussain, S. M.

AU - Nishath, N. Mohammed

AU - Achyuthan, Hema

AU - Veerasingam, S.

AU - Prakasam, Muthusamy

AU - Kumar, Pankaj

AU - Singh, Pramod

AU - Kurian, P. John

N1 - Funding Information: The authors are thankful to the Director, National Center for Polar and Ocean Research (NCPOR), Goa, for giving the opportunity to participate in the oceanographic cruise program to collect the sediment core samples. Authors are thankful to the Director, IUAC for extending 14 C AMS facility funded by Ministry of Earth Science (MoES), Govt. of India with reference number MoES/16/07/11(i)-RDEAS and MoES/P.O.(Seismic)8(09)-Geochron/2012. The authors are thankful to Dr Rahul Mohan, Scientist E, NCAOR, Goa, for providing laboratory facilities Ms Kalpana Dhiman, for helping during the Coulometer analysis, and Dr G. N. Nayak, Professor and Dr Ms Shabnam Choudhary, Department of Marine Science, Goa University, for providing laboratory facilities to carry out the phosphorus analysis. Funding Information: The authors are thankful to the Director, National Center for Polar and Ocean Research (NCPOR), Goa, for giving the opportunity to participate in the oceanographic cruise program to collect the sediment core samples. Authors are thankful to the Director, IUAC for extending 14C AMS facility funded by Ministry of Earth Science (MoES), Govt. of India with reference number MoES/16/07/11(i)-RDEAS and MoES/P.O.(Seismic)8(09)-Geochron/2012. The authors are thankful to Dr Rahul Mohan, Scientist E, NCAOR, Goa, for providing laboratory facilities Ms Kalpana Dhiman, for helping during the Coulometer analysis, and Dr G. N. Nayak, Professor and Dr Ms Shabnam Choudhary, Department of Marine Science, Goa University, for providing laboratory facilities to carry out the phosphorus analysis. All authors have contributed for the preparation of the manuscript. The author K.N is thankful to the Department of Science and Technology, Promotion of University Research and Scientific Excellence (DST-PURSE), for providing Junior Research Fellowship (JRF). Funding Information: The author K.N is thankful to the Department of Science and Technology, Promotion of University Research and Scientific Excellence (DST-PURSE), for providing Junior Research Fellowship (JRF). Publisher Copyright: © 2021

PY - 2021/5

Y1 - 2021/5

N2 - Marine sediment deposited on the ocean floor and near coastal areas, the western coastal regions of India provide records of monsoonal shifts and productivity. To understand the paleoproductivity in the northern Indian Ocean, we analyzed carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, total organic carbon (TOC) and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) in a deep-sea sediment core collected using gravity corer (GC-01) off Lakshadweep, Southeastern Arabian Sea. The results were then compared with the previous data generated from the surrounding area sediment cores to understand the productivity variations since the last 130 ka. The CaCO3 content in the sediment core varies from 40.82% to 62.48% (with a mean value of 51.96%) and it is noted that these values were lower during the glacial episodes (Marine Isotope Stages-2 and 4) than the interglacial episodes (MIS-1, 3 and 5). The C/N ratio varied from 0.14 to 34.25, but was less than 9, since ∼74 ka to recent, suggesting a marine origin for the organic carbon. The C/N ratio fluctuated significantly during MIS-5, and relatively the highest C/N ratio was observed at 5e ∼127, 5d ∼110 and 5b ∼85 ka, corresponding to stadials 5b and 5d, (except 5e) indicating terrestrial OC from C3 plants. The low C/N ratios during ∼128, ∼102, ∼76 and ∼32 ka match with the interstadials especially during MIS 5 (5a, 5c and 5e), correspondingly, and are marine OC in the source. This suggests that the MIS-5 stadial was interrupted via land source signifying higher productivity owing to the strong southwest monsoon during these periods. Further, high productivity was also observed during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and Holocene in the Southeastern Arabian Sea since the 130 ka.

AB - Marine sediment deposited on the ocean floor and near coastal areas, the western coastal regions of India provide records of monsoonal shifts and productivity. To understand the paleoproductivity in the northern Indian Ocean, we analyzed carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, total organic carbon (TOC) and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) in a deep-sea sediment core collected using gravity corer (GC-01) off Lakshadweep, Southeastern Arabian Sea. The results were then compared with the previous data generated from the surrounding area sediment cores to understand the productivity variations since the last 130 ka. The CaCO3 content in the sediment core varies from 40.82% to 62.48% (with a mean value of 51.96%) and it is noted that these values were lower during the glacial episodes (Marine Isotope Stages-2 and 4) than the interglacial episodes (MIS-1, 3 and 5). The C/N ratio varied from 0.14 to 34.25, but was less than 9, since ∼74 ka to recent, suggesting a marine origin for the organic carbon. The C/N ratio fluctuated significantly during MIS-5, and relatively the highest C/N ratio was observed at 5e ∼127, 5d ∼110 and 5b ∼85 ka, corresponding to stadials 5b and 5d, (except 5e) indicating terrestrial OC from C3 plants. The low C/N ratios during ∼128, ∼102, ∼76 and ∼32 ka match with the interstadials especially during MIS 5 (5a, 5c and 5e), correspondingly, and are marine OC in the source. This suggests that the MIS-5 stadial was interrupted via land source signifying higher productivity owing to the strong southwest monsoon during these periods. Further, high productivity was also observed during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and Holocene in the Southeastern Arabian Sea since the 130 ka.

KW - Arabian Sea

KW - Calcium carbonate

KW - Organic carbon

KW - Paleoproductivity

KW - SW monsoon

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85104436986

U2 - 10.1016/j.rsma.2021.101776

DO - 10.1016/j.rsma.2021.101776

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85104436986

SN - 2352-4855

VL - 44

JO - Regional Studies in Marine Science

JF - Regional Studies in Marine Science

M1 - 101776

ER -

Paleoproductivity shifts since the last 130 ka off Lakshadweep, Southeastern Arabian Sea

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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