Organic–inorganic hybrid nanocomposites for the photoreduction of CO₂: environment and energy technologies

Apart from the industrial production of carbon dioxide (CO₂), large amounts of CO₂ emissions are associated with increased fossil fuel consumption. Photoreduction of CO₂ into hydrocarbon fuels such as methane and methanol is a promising method to convert CO₂ as fuel feedstock using the advantage of solar energy. There are several methods and nanomaterials used for the photoreduction of CO₂. Efficient nanostructured catalysts are used for CO₂ photoreduction. This review discusses the CO₂ photoreduction possible strategies to enhance photoreduction efficiency and the photocatalytic systems (homogenous and heterogeneous catalysts) for CO₂ reduction.