Optimizing Wear Performance in Vanadium-Carbide-Reinforced AISI316 Composite Claddings via Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing

This study explores the wear resistance of EN8 steel claddings enhanced with AISI316 and AISI316 + 5% VC composite layers, fabricated using Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM). Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize performance, aiming to develop more durable materials for tillage tools. The addition of 5% VC powder significantly improved resistance to abrasive slurry, with sand concentration identified as the most influential factor affecting wear. The AISI316 + 5%VC (ASV5) cladding exhibited a hardness increase of approximately 71% compared to the base EN8 steel, highlighting its superior durability. In slurry abrasion tests, the ASV5 sample demonstrated about 50% lower mass loss than the base steel, while pin-on-disk tests showed a 38% reduction in mass loss rate. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), microhardness testing, and mass loss assessments were conducted to evaluate the microstructural and mechanical properties. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing WAAM parameters in agricultural applications, showcasing the potential of VC-reinforced claddings for enhanced wear resistance and durability.