Abstract
Levulinic acid (LA) is a versatile chemical with numerous applications. In this study, the conversions of glucose and oil palm fronds (OPF) to LA have been conducted over 10% Fe/HY zeolite catalyst. The optimization of LA yield from glucose conversion using Box-Behnken design and response surface methodology reported 61.8% yield, which can be achieved at temperature 173.4 °C, reaction time 3.3 h, 0.93 g of glucose and 0.89 g 10% Fe/HY zeolite. The LA yield from OPF conversion conducted at the optimum conditions was 17.6% with 54.8% process efficiency. It was also observed that Fe leaching from 10% Fe/HY zeolite was insignificant and recycled 10% Fe/HY zeolite gave sufficient performance for five successive cycles. This study emphasizes the potential of Fe/HY zeolite catalyst for catalytic conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to LA.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 10-19 |
| Number of pages | 10 |
| Journal | Energy Conversion and Management |
| Volume | 95 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - 1 May 2015 |
| Externally published | Yes |
Bibliographical note
Publisher Copyright:© 2015 Elsevier Ltd.
Keywords
- Fe/HY zeolite
- Glucose
- Levulinic acid
- Oil palm fronds
- Optimization
- Response surface methodology
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
- Nuclear Energy and Engineering
- Fuel Technology
- Energy Engineering and Power Technology
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