Optimization of Public Electric Buses Wireless Charging Station Scheduling with Sustainable Energy Resources

The drastic adoption of the electric fleet (EF) highlights the need to address several operational and planning challenges, especially in battery electric buses (BEB) charging station (CS) scheduling and incorporation of renewable energy sources. This study considers adopting wireless power transmission (WPT) technology to utilize fluctuating renewable energy sources for charging electric fleets in transit, offering a creative method for optimizing the selection of charging stations, charging times, and profitability for BEB transport company owners. The model considers operational-level information, offers policies for the grid and promotes the incorporation of renewable energy sources by utilizing Grid-to-Vehicle (G2V) and Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) energy flow networks. The model simultaneously optimizes the state of charge, energy flows to and from the grid and reservoir, energy consumption, and profit count-ability by utilizing its mixed integer linear programming (MILP), expanding to include demand uncertainty by robust counterpart optimization. These results provide useful information for upcoming fieldwork and give stakeholders a framework for improving sustainability and efficiency in the operations of public electric buses.