Optimization of properties of concrete prepared with waste glass aggregate and condensed milk can fiber using response surface methodology

Natural sand layer depletion, as a result of rapid urbanization in the modern world, has urged researchers to find a substitution of fine aggregate in concrete. While, owing to overpopulation, affluence and advanced technology non-biodegradable dumps, solid waste, by-products of industrial processes have been swelling at a significant rate. However, many of these discarded wastes, including waste glass and tin can, have the scope to be utilized in concrete. Given the problems, this study investigated the effect of glass waste (10%, 20% and 30%) as replacement of river sand along with addition of condensed milk can (0.5%, 1% and 1.5%) as fiber reinforcement. Previous researchers have used these two wastes separately in concrete. In addition, there are very few papers demonstrated prediction and optimization of properties of concrete having the two wastes. This study explores the combined influences of glass fine aggregate (GFA) and condensed milk can fiber (CMCF) on the workability, fresh density, compressive strength and splitting tensile strength of concrete. Also, prediction of the properties of concrete and optimization of the proportions of GFA and CMCF were done using response surface methodology (RSM). The result indicate that the workability of concrete tends to deteriorate with the increasing percentage of GFA and CMCF. Although fresh density shows promising result for inclusion of CMCF but decreases for increasing GFA. It can be observed that significant increment of compressive happened up to 20% GFA and 1% CMCF. However, splitting tensile strength shows decrement with the rise of content of both variables. The ANOVA (analysis of variance) results of the constructed RSM models revealed the validity of the models. The simulated values from the models were noticed in near accord with the corresponding actual values which indicate the effectiveness of the models. Finally, with the optimal percentage of 20.436% GFA and 0.843% CMCF, validation has been executed that nearly reached predicted responses with the highest value of desirability. Future studies should be done to improve the workability and splitting tensile strength using different admixtures, which will lead to better and sustainable production.