Optimization of Integrated Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems for Hydrogen Refueling Stations

This study investigated the feasibility of hydrogen production using a hybrid renewable energy system, focusing on system reliability and efficient hydrogen storage during periods of insufficient power generation. The study was conducted at a refueling station in Dumat Al-Jandal, Saudi Arabia, with the aim of meeting the daily hydrogen demand of 25 kg and addressing the region’s high wind energy potential. HOMER software was used to model and optimize various system configurations, ensuring the integration of solar photovoltaic arrays, wind turbines, converters, batteries, electrolyzers, and hydrogen storage tanks. The optimized system achieved a levelized cost of energy of $0.452 per kWh, hydrogen production costs of $6.22 per kg, and a net present cost of $645,000. Furthermore, it contributes to the reduction of CO₂ emissions by 372 metric tons annually, thereby demonstrating environmental and economic benefits. This study advances previous research by incorporating a hybrid energy model tailored for refueling stations and optimizing the economic parameters to enhance cost-effectiveness and system sustainability. The findings provide critical insights for policymakers, investors, and energy planners, supporting the integration of hybrid renewable energy systems into the hydrogen refueling infrastructure. This study contributes to a broader transition toward economically viable and environmentally sustainable hydrogen production for transportation applications.