Optimal Placement of Electric Vehicle Rapid Charging Stations with V2G strategies

Electric vehicles (EVs) are gaining substantial consideration from both government and the automotive industry due to their potential for reducing carbon emissions, lower maintenance requirements. With the growing adoption of EVs as a sustainable alternative to fossil fuel-based vehicles, the growth of sustainable charging infrastructure has become a global significance. One of the foremost concerns in this area is determining the optimal number of charging piles and the locations of EV rapid charging stations (RCSs), which is necessary for effective policy and infrastructure planning. This study presents a mathematical model designed to forecast the required number of RCSs in the proposed area. Additionally, an optimisation framework is established to identify the optimal locations for proposed RCSs within the power distribution network, incorporating vehicle-to-grid (V2G). The problem formulation considers two main objective functions: minimizing the total power loss and reducing the transportation cost incurred by EVs traveling from demand points to nearest RCS. To evaluate the efficiency of the proposed framework, simulations are conducted on the IEEE 34-buses test system using the backward/forward sweep load flow technique. Performance is analyzed under three scenarios: the base case, optimal placement of RCSs, and optimal placement with integrated V2G strategy.