Optimal parameter estimation of overhead transmission line considering different bundle conductors with the uncertainty of load modeling

The overhead power line is used for the transmission and distribution of electrical power across long distances. It consists of multiple conductors mounted on poles or towers. The parameters of the overhead transmission lines (TLs) are dependent upon certain factors that are associated with bundle conductors. This research work uses a whale optimization algorithm (WOA) to calculate the overhead AC TL parameters. The proposed technique is applied to single-phase and three-phase AC TLs. It can be observed that within an AC TL, a change in one parameter will cause the corresponding variation in other parameters. This work has determined capacitance and inductance per unit length for three-phase using proposed WOA algorithms at different bundle conductor arrangements. However, the study of load modeling for voltage stability is also presented.