Optimal location of base stations for cellular mobile network considering changes in users locations

In the past few decades, the demand for cellular networks has grown tremendously due to the growing demand for data. However, the vast majority of the users are dynamic since they use their smart phones and tablets to connect to these networks when they move to one location to another to attend sport games or other events for example. The location of these events might not cover the large demand. In this paper, we address the classical problem of locating base stations for a mobile cellular network to serve mobile users in a given geographical area considering the users' movements within the network. We developed a mixed integer programming model to provide the optimal location of base stations at different time periods with the network's minimum total cost (i.e., installation and operation of base stations). This paper considers the COST-231-Walfisch-Ikegami propagation model for the path loss calculation with a non-line-of-site situation. To demonstrate the capability of the proposed model, it is experimented with a real-world problem on the Red Sea coast of Saudi Arabia. The model was capable of finding the optimal base station locations with minimum installation and operational costs considering the capacity and quality of service constraints.