Optimal dimensions and performance evaluation of a truncated spherical dielectric lens antenna at X-band frequencies

Syed Zeeshan Ali; Kamran Ahsan; Danish ul Khairi; Syed Akhter Raza; Wadee Alhalabi; Lina Hussain Kazem; Muhammad Shahid Anwar

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0318547

Optimal dimensions and performance evaluation of a truncated spherical dielectric lens antenna at X-band frequencies

Syed Zeeshan Ali^*
, Kamran Ahsan
, Danish ul Khairi
, Syed Akhter Raza
, Wadee Alhalabi
, Lina Hussain Kazem
, Muhammad Shahid Anwar^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

2 Scopus citations

Abstract

This study presents the design and development of a truncated spherical dielectric lens antenna. The primary goal of this research is to significantly improve and optimize the directivity and beamwidth characteristics of the feed antenna by adjusting the feed position around the focal point of the lens. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), with a dielectric constant of 2.1, is chosen as the lens medium. Simulations are carried out using the CST-Studio Suite across the span of 8 to 12 GHz. Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) and an anechoic chamber are utilized for experimental validation. Directivity of 21.9 dBi and a beamwidth of 13.1° have been achieved by optimizing the dimensions of 24.34 mm thickness, 55 mm center of curvature and 110 mm aperture of the lens. By utilizing its simple geometrical shape, compact size, and ease of design and construction, this dielectric lens antenna is ideal for RF applications, particularly when energy concentration is necessary.

Original language	English
Article number	e0318547
Journal	PLoS ONE
Volume	20
Issue number	3 March
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0318547
State	Published - Mar 2025
Externally published	Yes

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2025 Ali et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

ASJC Scopus subject areas

General

Access to Document

10.1371/journal.pone.0318547

Cite this

@article{3b6ee1c925da40f7adc2d4205e908bd6,

title = "Optimal dimensions and performance evaluation of a truncated spherical dielectric lens antenna at X-band frequencies",

abstract = "This study presents the design and development of a truncated spherical dielectric lens antenna. The primary goal of this research is to significantly improve and optimize the directivity and beamwidth characteristics of the feed antenna by adjusting the feed position around the focal point of the lens. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), with a dielectric constant of 2.1, is chosen as the lens medium. Simulations are carried out using the CST-Studio Suite across the span of 8 to 12 GHz. Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) and an anechoic chamber are utilized for experimental validation. Directivity of 21.9 dBi and a beamwidth of 13.1° have been achieved by optimizing the dimensions of 24.34 mm thickness, 55 mm center of curvature and 110 mm aperture of the lens. By utilizing its simple geometrical shape, compact size, and ease of design and construction, this dielectric lens antenna is ideal for RF applications, particularly when energy concentration is necessary.",

author = "Ali, \{Syed Zeeshan\} and Kamran Ahsan and \{ul Khairi\}, Danish and Raza, \{Syed Akhter\} and Wadee Alhalabi and Kazem, \{Lina Hussain\} and Anwar, \{Muhammad Shahid\}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2025 Ali et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.",

year = "2025",

month = mar,

doi = "10.1371/journal.pone.0318547",

language = "English",

volume = "20",

journal = "PLoS ONE",

issn = "1932-6203",

publisher = "Public Library of Science",

number = "3 March",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Optimal dimensions and performance evaluation of a truncated spherical dielectric lens antenna at X-band frequencies

AU - Ali, Syed Zeeshan

AU - Ahsan, Kamran

AU - ul Khairi, Danish

AU - Raza, Syed Akhter

AU - Alhalabi, Wadee

AU - Kazem, Lina Hussain

AU - Anwar, Muhammad Shahid

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2025 Ali et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

PY - 2025/3

Y1 - 2025/3

N2 - This study presents the design and development of a truncated spherical dielectric lens antenna. The primary goal of this research is to significantly improve and optimize the directivity and beamwidth characteristics of the feed antenna by adjusting the feed position around the focal point of the lens. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), with a dielectric constant of 2.1, is chosen as the lens medium. Simulations are carried out using the CST-Studio Suite across the span of 8 to 12 GHz. Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) and an anechoic chamber are utilized for experimental validation. Directivity of 21.9 dBi and a beamwidth of 13.1° have been achieved by optimizing the dimensions of 24.34 mm thickness, 55 mm center of curvature and 110 mm aperture of the lens. By utilizing its simple geometrical shape, compact size, and ease of design and construction, this dielectric lens antenna is ideal for RF applications, particularly when energy concentration is necessary.

AB - This study presents the design and development of a truncated spherical dielectric lens antenna. The primary goal of this research is to significantly improve and optimize the directivity and beamwidth characteristics of the feed antenna by adjusting the feed position around the focal point of the lens. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), with a dielectric constant of 2.1, is chosen as the lens medium. Simulations are carried out using the CST-Studio Suite across the span of 8 to 12 GHz. Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) and an anechoic chamber are utilized for experimental validation. Directivity of 21.9 dBi and a beamwidth of 13.1° have been achieved by optimizing the dimensions of 24.34 mm thickness, 55 mm center of curvature and 110 mm aperture of the lens. By utilizing its simple geometrical shape, compact size, and ease of design and construction, this dielectric lens antenna is ideal for RF applications, particularly when energy concentration is necessary.

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105000280649

U2 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0318547

DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0318547

M3 - Article

C2 - 40096222

AN - SCOPUS:105000280649

SN - 1932-6203

VL - 20

JO - PLoS ONE

JF - PLoS ONE

IS - 3 March

M1 - e0318547

ER -

Optimal dimensions and performance evaluation of a truncated spherical dielectric lens antenna at X-band frequencies

Abstract

Bibliographical note

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Access to Document

Fingerprint

Cite this