Optical and kinetics studies of titanium-zinc-niobium-tellurim oxides glass

Glass of composition 75TeO₂/15ZnO₂/5Nb ₂O₅/5TiO₂ (mol.%) was made by the conventional melting and quenching process. The different physical properties, namely optical and thermal properties such as the density, molar volume, refractive index, third-order nonlinear susceptibility, polarizability, molar refraction, energy gap, metallization, glass transition temperature, activation energy of glass transition and activation energy of crystallization, of this glass were carefully investigated. The values of experimental nonlinear refractive index were determined by using degenerate four-wave mixing. In addition, the kinetics of crystallization of the prepared glass was studied under nonisothermal conditions by applying differential thermal analysis measurements carried out at different heating rates. Finally, the phases at which the glassy alloy crystallizes after the thermal process were identified by x-ray diffraction. The diffractogram of the transformed material indicates the presence of microcrystallites of TiTe₃O₈ and Zn₃TeO ₆ in tempered glass at different annealing temperatures.