One pot synthesis of cyclodextrin MOF as a promising heterogeneous catalyst for the reduction of nitroaromatic compounds and azo dyes

The fabrication of beta-cyclodextrin with nickel incorporation (Ni–BCD–MOF) for the catalytic reduction of nitroaromatic compounds and dyes has been done using a simple, sustainable, and easy vapor deposition technique. The Ni–BCD–MOF was created using only environmentally safe solvents, promoting sustainable development without adversely affecting the environment. The Fourier transform infrared was utilized for the structural elucidation of prepared Ni–BCD–MOF, and UV–visible spectroscopy divulged a narrow band gap (2.15 eV). The X-ray diffraction pattern depicted the crystallinity of Ni–BCD–MOF. Scanning electron microscopy revealed ingot/brick-type crystal structure with an average particle size of 1.92 μm. The Ni–BCD–MOF exhibited high thermal stability up to 300 °C confirmed via thermogravimetric analysis. Furthermore, BET studies of Ni–BCD–MOF revealed a surface area of 21.1 m² g⁻¹, which is comparatively higher than the surface area of MOFs synthesized with BCD. The Ni–BCD–MOF manifested impeccable performance in reducing nitroaromatics compounds and dyes (≤ 5 min). Ni–BCD–MOF may be used as a suitable substitute for nanocatalysts to reduce organic contaminants due to its high thermal stability, surface area, and catalytic rate constant for reducing azo dyes and nitroaromatic compounds. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]