Nanotubes-nanosheets (1D/2D) heterostructured bifunctional electrocatalysts for overall water splitting

The 1D/2D hybrid heterostructure morphology could significantly enhance the electrocatalyst's activity and stability. This review accounts for nanotubes-nanosheets-based 1D/2D bifunctional electrocatalysts for overall water splitting (OWS). Carbon nanotubes and transition metals-based nanotubes are considered in the 1D category, while nanosheets of transition metals-based oxides, hydroxides, chalcogenides, MXenes, and LDHs; and graphene and related members are discussed under 2D materials. The synergistic factors in enhancing the OWS by the heterostructured catalysts, their merits and demerits, half-cell reactions kinetics, OWS performance and future perspectives are deliberated. Analogous HER-only and OER-only reports are also presented.