Nanoscience and biomaterial corrosion control

There is enormous interest in nanostructured biomaterials as they can stimulate tissue-biomaterial interaction more effectively. Research is focused on developing advanced nanostructured biomaterials. The major strategies include fabrication of nanocomposites, surface nanostructuring and nanostructured coatings. A potential issue of concern in terms of biocompatibility is the corrosion resistance of the modified biomaterials. This chapter presents the current trends in this area with emphasis on load-bearing orthopaedic and dental implants. A detailed account on the general and the localized corrosion of conventional metallic implants is provided. Novel fabrication strategies of nanostructured hydroxyapatite-based coatings and their roles as barrier coatings are presented. Impacts of nanoscale surface modifications on the corrosion resistance of permanent implants and novel bioresorbable implants based on magnesium alloys are highlighted.