Nanoparticles as components of electrochemical sensing platforms for the detection of petroleum pollutants: A review

Accurate monitoring of environmental pollutants has become a primary concern due to rapid progress in the oil industry during recent years. Nanoparticles (NPs) for electrochemical sensing are emerging as crucial tools for pollutant monitoring such as aromatics hydrocarbon, polyphenols, and toxic gases produced by the oil industry. NPs provided increasing the sensitivity and selectivity of the sensor through increasing the surface area, owing to the high surface-to-volume ratios, and a highly active site area so that the molecules could be easily adsorbed on the surface electrode to undergo a redox reaction. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of the latest nanoparticles used for electrochemical sensing. Moreover, some parameters such as sensitivity, selectivity, the limit of detection, including a specific mechanism detection of analyte targets, and response time have been discussed to determine optimum condition for polyphenols, aromatic compounds, and toxic gases detection. Some recent results have been presented and discussed.