Nanomaterials in electrochemical biosensor

Nanomaterial based electrochemical method gain tremendous interest for the detection of biomolecules due to high sensitivity, selectivity, and low fabrication cost. High surface to volume ratio, excellent electrocatalytic properties of the nanomaterials plays important role for the sensitive and selective detection of biomolecules. For electrochemical biosensors, proper control of chemical, electrochemical and physical properties, as well as their functionalization and surface immobilization significantly influences the overall performance. This chapter gives an overview of the importance of the development of nanomaterials based electrochemical biosensors; particularly direct electrooxidation- or electroreduction-based biosensors, catalysis-based biosensors, and label-based affinity biosensors. In addition, fabrication methods including modification of electrode surface with nanomaterials, tailoring their physico-chemical properties, and functionalization with chemicals or biomolecules are also highlighted.