Nanomaterial-based MOF-derived single-atom catalysts for electrolytic conversion of energy

Toward the alleviation of current global energy concerns arising due to industrialization, it has become imperative to search novel functional materials in order to address the environmental challenges through advanced technologies. Recently the advancements in nanomaterial-based metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and their derivatives have urged interest to explore their role in energy conversion and storage. Their engagement in industrial applications has promoted their practical utilization of MOFs by taking advantages of their unique properties. Electrocatalysis through nanomaterial-based MOF-derived single-atom catalysts (SACs) plays a substantial role in energy conversion and storage, paving the way to develop improved and better sustainable sources. In this chapter, we review some systematic strategies in synthesis of nanomaterial-based MOF for electrolytic catalysis of reactions to afford energy conversion. Then some characterization techniques are summarized in order to understand the spatial distribution, electronic properties, and coordination microenvironment to provide further insights into the formation of sustainable sources for energy conversion. We highlight some important electrocatalytic applications including oxygen reduction reaction, nitrogen fixation, CO2 reduction reaction, oxygen evolution reaction, and hydrogen evolution reaction to elaborate their role in energy conversion. Moreover, we conclude the high-performing SACs along with description of some future prospects in the field of electrocatalysis to solve several technical challenges.