Nanofluids for CO₂ capture

Recent developments in nanotechnology have created a new type of fluid called nanofluid. These have been extensively used in a wide variety of engineering applications; one such application is the postcombustion capture of carbon dioxide to enhance the absorption rate of gas and reduce energy consumption. Recent studies have reported the beneficial effects of adding nanoparticles into base fluid, such as water, oil, and a combination of various types of liquids, to significantly improve the CO2 absorption efficiency. However, due to the scattering of the data published, as well as a limited amount of information, there is no comprehensive and systematic study done on the potential of nanofluids as alternative solvents for carbon capture. Therefore, this chapter discusses in detail the effects of different types of nanoparticles, and amine base fluids on the enhancement of CO2 absorption, as well as the mechanism interaction of CO2 capture using nanofluids and CO2 regeneration performance. In addition, the concept and current progress of the newly advanced nanomaterial known as MXene, a class of two-dimensional materials, which have received great attention in recent years, have also been compiled and discussed. The limitations for the application of these nanofluids at a large scale or for commercialization are also highlighted.