N-sulfonyl-4-hydroxymethyl-1,2,3-triazole functionalized SBA-15: A porous organic-inorganic material for trace-level phenolic compounds extraction from water samples by stir bar-supported micro-solid-phase extraction

Series of sorbents, N-sulfonyl-4-hydroxymethyl-1,2,3-triazole functionalized SBA-15 (x-S-SO₂-triazole-OH; x = 5–20 wt%), have been developed via a two-step synthesis strategy: first, co-condensation of 6-azidosulfonylhexyltriethoxysilane and tetraethoxysilane to form 6-azidosulfonylhexyl functionalized SBA-15; and second, the Click reaction of 6-azidosulfonylhexyl functionalized SBA-15 with propyn-1-ol to form (x-S-SO₂- triazole-OH). The sorbents with abundant hydrogen bonding sites were used in a stir bar-supported micro-solid-phase extraction (SB-μ-SPE) for six selected phenolic compounds in 10 mL water samples, and the 20-S-SO₂-triazole-OH sorbent presented the best extraction efficiency. The linearity range for all tested phenols is within 1–1000 ng mL⁻¹ with R value up to 0.9931 and a detection limit (LOD) of 0.03–0.30 ng mL⁻¹. The RSD values were determined in the range of 2–16% and the relative recoveries in the domestic wastewater sample successfully presented a range of 84.5–108.6%.