Multiphase Flow Dynamics with Micro-CT Imaging: Review of Applications in Oil and Gas Industry

Microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) is a nondestructive visualization tool that can capture real-time in situ multiphase flow dynamics inside the opaque rock. It is a promising technique for deepening the understanding of the microscopic displacement mechanisms of water and gas flooding. By applying micro-CT, the real-time fluid and interface distribution can be obtained in the form of 3D visualizations. Pore-scale information such as in situ contact angle, interfacial tension, capillary pressure, and residual oil distribution can be conveniently obtained from the 3D model. Furthermore, as a nondestructive technique, micro-CT makes it possible to record the previously mentioned information along with time without disturbing the multiphase flow system, thus enabling the study of the multiphase flow system dynamically. This capability of micro-CT largely helps understand the microscopic displacement mechanisms, which is crucial for secondary and tertiary oil recovery. This review work introduces micro-CT and its applications in core flooding systems. It summarizes the information which can be determined quantitatively based on the 3D model obtained from micro-CT data. It also summarizes recent research findings inspired by micro-CT applications, including conclusions about the multiphase flow system, mechanism understandings of the pore-scale dynamics, and applications in flooding, and CO₂ sequestration.