Monitoring square and circular fields with sensors using energy-efficient cluster-based routing for underwater wireless sensor networks

Arshad Sher, Nadeem Javaid*, Irfan Azam, Hira Ahmad, Wadood Abdul, Sanaa Ghouzali, Iftikhar Azim Niaz, Fakhri Alam Khan

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

31 Scopus citations

Abstract

In this article, to monitor the fields with square and circular geometries, three energy-efficient routing protocols are proposed for underwater wireless sensor networks. First one is sparsity-aware energy-efficient clustering, second one is circular sparsity-aware energy-efficient clustering, and the third one is circular depth–based sparsity-aware energy-efficient clustering routing protocol. All three protocols are proposed to minimize the energy consumption of sparse regions, whereas sparsity search algorithm is proposed to find sparse regions and density search algorithm is used to find dense regions of the network field. Moreover, clustering is performed in dense regions to minimize redundant transmissions of a data packet, while sink mobility is exploited to collect data from sensor nodes with an objective of minimum energy consumption. A depth threshold (dth) value is also used to minimize number of hops between source and destination for less energy consumption. Simulation results show that our schemes perform better than their counter-part schemes (depth-based routing and energy-efficient depth-based routing) in terms of energy efficiency.

Original languageEnglish
JournalInternational Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks
Volume13
Issue number7
DOIs
StatePublished - 1 Jul 2017
Externally publishedYes

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2017, © The Author(s) 2017.

Keywords

  • Energy efficient
  • clustering
  • maximum coverage
  • minimum distance
  • network stability
  • sparse and dense networks
  • underwater wireless sensor networks

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • General Engineering
  • Computer Networks and Communications

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