Modified Cascaded Controller Design Constructed on Fractional Operator ‘β’ to Mitigate Frequency Fluctuations for Sustainable Operation of Power Systems

The demand for energy is increasing at an abrupt pace, which has highly strained the power system, especially with high share of power generation from renewable energy sources (RES). This increasing strain needs to be effectively managed for a continuous and smooth operation of the power system network. Generation and demand exhibit a strong correlation that directly creates an impact on the power system frequency. Fluctuations and disruptions in load frequency can manifest themselves as over-voltages and physical damages in the power grid and, in the worst case, can lead to blackouts. Thus, this paper proposed an effective solution to mitigate the load frequency problem(s), which is initiated by the changing load demand under high penetration of RES. This paper presented an improved cascaded structure, the proportional integral with a fractional operator coupled with proportional derivative (Formula presented.). The proposed (Formula presented.) modifies the (1+PD) controller by introducing fractional properties that improve its tracking efficiency and mitigate frequency fluctuations taking minimal time. The introduction of (Formula presented.) diversifies its tracking and overall controlling ability, which translates it as a significant controller. The controller optimal parameters are extracted by deploying a dragonfly search algorithm (DSA). The study of the results illustrates that the proposed design displays efficient performance under any disturbance or uncertainty in the power system.