Microwave Localization of Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema with a Programmable Metasurface

Early and accurate detection of cardiogenic pulmonary edema can help diagnose and treat heart failure and similar life-threatening cardiovascular conditions. Previous works investigated the use of microwave imaging and detection systems as a non-ionizing modality. We contribute to these efforts by simulating a single-frequency microwave localization setup in CST Microwave Studio Package using a programmable metasurface. The fluid buildup was modeled as a sphere within a lung phantom. Two post-processing methods using the components of the resulting complex electric field were compared for the fluid-free and fluid-containing cases: the relative amplitude difference and the gradient-based approach. The most accurate localization result was obtained using the gradient-based approach when all components were combined.