MHD Hybrid Nanofluid Mixed Convection Heat Transfer and Entropy Generation in a 3-D Triangular Porous Cavity with Zigzag Wall and Rotating Cylinder

The purpose of this work was to conduct a numerical examination of mixed convective heat transfer in a three-dimensional triangular enclosure with a revolving circular cylinder in the cavity’s center. Numerical simulations of the hybrid Fe₃ O₄ /MWCNT-water nanofluid are performed using the finite element approach (FEM). The simulation is carried out for a range of parameter values, including the Darcy number (between 10⁻⁵ and 10⁻² ), the Hartmann number (between 0 and 100), the angular speed of the rotation (between −500 and 1000), and the number of zigzags. The stream function, isotherms, and isentropic contours illustrate the impact of many parameters on motion, heat transfer, and entropy formation. The findings indicate that for enhancing the heat transfer rates of hybrid nanofluid in a three-dimensional triangular porous cavity fitted with a rotating cylinder and subjected to a magnetic field, Darcy number > 10⁻³, Hartmann number < 0, one zigzag on the hot surface, and rotation speed >500 in flow direction are recommended.