Metal oxides in quantum-dot-based LEDs and their applications

Advancements in technology have changed the direction and demand of modern research. In the domain of materials research, there has been a significant rise in the development of high-performance devices, especially in the field of photonic technology, which has captured the interest of many researchers. Considering the dearth of natural energy sources, efforts are being made to design the devices in such a way that they not only have better efficiency but also act as energy savers. Prominent applications of photonic technology include soft robotics, displays, light-emitting diodes (LEDs), computer hardware, and medicinal devices. Apart from the different advancements, semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) have proven to be the most efficient alternative for different photonic applications. These semiconductor QDs have excellent characteristic features such as wide bandgap tuneability, structural stability, cost-effectiveness, large area, and solution processability. Quantum-dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) are the most promising among the fast-growing family of devices that rely on semiconductor QDs. In addition to providing insights into the characteristic features of QDs, this chapter also provides an overview of the electroluminescent characteristics of QLEDs. Because QLEDs are electro-optical conversion devices, their functionality is largely governed by the carrier dynamics and the generation of excitons. In this regard, different advancement attempts have been made by different researchers in different dynamic processes and related characterization technologies. In addition to a brief discussion of various applications, the various challenges associated with QLEDs are discussed.