Mechanical, environmental, and economic performance of engineered cementitious composite incorporated limestone calcined clay cement: A review

The construction and building materials sector are becoming increasingly concerned about sustainability and environmentally friendly materials/composites. One of these developed composites is called engineered cementitious composite (ECC), and it has the ability to reduce carbon and energy impacts on the environment in addition to its remarkable performance, such as control cracking and ultra-high ductility. Over the previous years, scientists have made coherent efforts and activities to create a greener ECC. These efforts can be mostly categorized by the utilization of more cost-effective and environmentally friendly binders, fillers, and fibers. This review focuses on the utilization of environmentally friendly binders called limestone calcined clay cement (LC³) as well as greener fibers in creating greener ECC. The fresh, mechanical, and sustainability performance of LC³-based ECC are comprehensively discussed in this study. Based on the existing studies, it is concluded that LC³-based ECC has a higher strain capacity and better self-healing capability. It reduces the carbon footprint and embodied energy compared to the OPC-based ECC. Overall, the review aims to promote the use of ECC-LC³ in construction projects and encourage further research in this area. Further research should focus on enhancing the long-term mechanical and durability performance of LC³-based ECC.