Measurement of wax appearance temperature under simulated pipeline (dynamic) conditions

Cajetan E. Ijeomah; Abhijit Y. Dandekar; Godwin A. Chukwu; Santanu Khataniar; Shirish L. Patil; Arthur L. Baldwin

doi:10.1021/ef7007453

Measurement of wax appearance temperature under simulated pipeline (dynamic) conditions

Cajetan E. Ijeomah
, Abhijit Y. Dandekar^*
, Godwin A. Chukwu
, Santanu Khataniar
, Shirish L. Patil
, Arthur L. Baldwin

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

19 Scopus citations

Abstract

Fluid flow in petroleum pipelines is a dynamic phenomenon. Therefore, measurement of the wax appearance temperature (WAT) under a simulated pipeline (dynamic) condition provides more valuable WAT data than the conventional procedures, which are performed under static (atmospheric) conditions. In this work, the WAT values of blends of Alaska North Slope (ANS) crude oil and gas-to-liquid (GTL) products were determined under dynamic (flowing) conditions using an indigenously designed and developed flow loop. The WAT values of the samples were also determined under static conditions using the viscosity method and verified using the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D3117 method. The WAT values decreased with an increase in the line pressure and GTL content. The results reported in this paper are part of a major project on studying the operational challenges in GTL transportation through the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS).

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	2437-2442
Number of pages	6
Journal	Energy and Fuels
Volume	22
Issue number	4
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1021/ef7007453
State	Published - Jul 2008
Externally published	Yes

ASJC Scopus subject areas

General Chemical Engineering
Fuel Technology
Energy Engineering and Power Technology

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10.1021/ef7007453

Cite this

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title = "Measurement of wax appearance temperature under simulated pipeline (dynamic) conditions",

abstract = "Fluid flow in petroleum pipelines is a dynamic phenomenon. Therefore, measurement of the wax appearance temperature (WAT) under a simulated pipeline (dynamic) condition provides more valuable WAT data than the conventional procedures, which are performed under static (atmospheric) conditions. In this work, the WAT values of blends of Alaska North Slope (ANS) crude oil and gas-to-liquid (GTL) products were determined under dynamic (flowing) conditions using an indigenously designed and developed flow loop. The WAT values of the samples were also determined under static conditions using the viscosity method and verified using the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D3117 method. The WAT values decreased with an increase in the line pressure and GTL content. The results reported in this paper are part of a major project on studying the operational challenges in GTL transportation through the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS).",

author = "Ijeomah, \{Cajetan E.\} and Dandekar, \{Abhijit Y.\} and Chukwu, \{Godwin A.\} and Santanu Khataniar and Patil, \{Shirish L.\} and Baldwin, \{Arthur L.\}",

year = "2008",

month = jul,

doi = "10.1021/ef7007453",

language = "English",

volume = "22",

pages = "2437--2442",

journal = "Energy and Fuels",

issn = "0887-0624",

publisher = "American Chemical Society",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Measurement of wax appearance temperature under simulated pipeline (dynamic) conditions

AU - Ijeomah, Cajetan E.

AU - Dandekar, Abhijit Y.

AU - Chukwu, Godwin A.

AU - Khataniar, Santanu

AU - Patil, Shirish L.

AU - Baldwin, Arthur L.

PY - 2008/7

Y1 - 2008/7

N2 - Fluid flow in petroleum pipelines is a dynamic phenomenon. Therefore, measurement of the wax appearance temperature (WAT) under a simulated pipeline (dynamic) condition provides more valuable WAT data than the conventional procedures, which are performed under static (atmospheric) conditions. In this work, the WAT values of blends of Alaska North Slope (ANS) crude oil and gas-to-liquid (GTL) products were determined under dynamic (flowing) conditions using an indigenously designed and developed flow loop. The WAT values of the samples were also determined under static conditions using the viscosity method and verified using the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D3117 method. The WAT values decreased with an increase in the line pressure and GTL content. The results reported in this paper are part of a major project on studying the operational challenges in GTL transportation through the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS).

AB - Fluid flow in petroleum pipelines is a dynamic phenomenon. Therefore, measurement of the wax appearance temperature (WAT) under a simulated pipeline (dynamic) condition provides more valuable WAT data than the conventional procedures, which are performed under static (atmospheric) conditions. In this work, the WAT values of blends of Alaska North Slope (ANS) crude oil and gas-to-liquid (GTL) products were determined under dynamic (flowing) conditions using an indigenously designed and developed flow loop. The WAT values of the samples were also determined under static conditions using the viscosity method and verified using the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D3117 method. The WAT values decreased with an increase in the line pressure and GTL content. The results reported in this paper are part of a major project on studying the operational challenges in GTL transportation through the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS).

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/49749103158

U2 - 10.1021/ef7007453

DO - 10.1021/ef7007453

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:49749103158

SN - 0887-0624

VL - 22

SP - 2437

EP - 2442

JO - Energy and Fuels

JF - Energy and Fuels

IS - 4

ER -

Measurement of wax appearance temperature under simulated pipeline (dynamic) conditions

Abstract

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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