Lyapunov-Based Novel Integral Backstepping and Integral Sliding Mode Controllers Design for Efficient Voltage Regulation of Resilient DC Microgrid

Microgrids (MGs) offer a more efficient and reliable energy provision than conventional grids due to their ability to function autonomously from the primary grid. This work investigates a stand-alone direct current MG (DCMG) with multipower sources of photovoltaic (PV), wind, and storage devices such as batteries, ultracapacitors (UCs), and hydrogen technology. Voltage stability is a critical challenge for a DCMG rigorously controlled by the DC/DC converters. Since converters exhibit nonlinear characteristics and are uncertain about renewable energy resources (RESs), a robust control mechanism is required. Further, traditional controllers encounter difficulties with system parameter variation and load deviations. Hence, a novel integral backstepping controller (IBC) and integral sliding mode controller (ISMC) are designed to achieve two main objectives: power balance and bus voltage regulation of DCMG. Moreover, the Lyapunov stability criterion ensures the asymptotic stability of the designed system. Simulations are carried out in MATLAB/Simulink, and the performance of the controllers is verified by comparing the IBC results with ISMC and conventional SMCs. Results confirm that the proposed controllers are reliable, more accurate, stable, and robust compared with SMC. Also, a processor-in-loop (PIL) experiment is performed further to verify the real-time efficacy of the designed DCMG.