Light-tunable charge dynamics enable ultralow-power bidirectional lead-free perovskite synapses for intelligent vision

Advanced vision systems for autonomous robotics require high efficiency, ultralow power consumption, and real-time decision-making. However, conventional vision sensors that rely on single-mode optical excitation fundamentally constrain their versatility. Here, we report a fully light-tunable optoelectronic synaptic device based on perovskite PEA₂SnI₄/ C₆₀ heterostructures that uniquely supports dual-mode bidirectional synaptic behaviour with potentiation under visible light and depression under near-infrared illumination, enabled by a synergistic mechanism of sub-bandgap absorption and interfacial carrier trapping-detrapping for wavelength-selective control. The heterostructure device features long-lasting synaptic plasticity, with excitatory and inhibitory retention times of 350 s and over 8000 s, respectively, and an ultralow energy consumption of ∼1 fJ per event. These exceptional characteristics enable unprecedented performance in neuromorphic vision tasks, including attention-enhanced traffic sign recognition, physical reservoir computing, and dynamic target detection using a 7 × 7 array device, which establishes a powerful and energy-efficient platform for next-generation robotic eyes and advances all-optical neuromorphic perceptions toward intelligent autonomy.