Laser modified MnO₂ cathode for augmented performance aqueous zinc ion batteries

Manganese dioxide (MnO₂) is a highly desirable cathode material for aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) due to its eco-friendliness, affordability, high voltage operation, and theoretical storage capacity. However, the limited diffusion of zinc ions within the MnO₂ cathode typically hampers the achievement of high electrochemical performance. To address this challenge, researchers have explored various modifications of MnO₂. In this study, we propose a novel approach to enhance the performance of MnO₂ cathodes by employing a facile laser modification technique. Through this laser modification process, a reaction between the carbon surface and oxygen is induced, resulting in an increased presence of carboxylic acid groups that facilitate ion diffusion within the cathode. This modification significantly improves the diffusivity of the MnO₂ cathode, leading to enhanced electrochemical performance. Notably, the modified cathode exhibits an impressive maximum discharge capacity of 233 mAh/g at a current density of 1 A/g, with a capacity retention of 71.6% after 1000 cycles, surpassing the performance of non-modified cathodes (203 mAh/g, 60.6%). This study offers novel perspectives on the development of durable Mn-based materials for all aqueous batteries, presenting a promising pathway for the advancement of energy storage technologies.