Laser controlled melting of H12 hot-work tool steel with B₄C particles at the surface

Laser controlled melting of pre-prepared H12 hot-work tool steel surface is carried out. B₄C particles in the carbon film are located at the workpiece surface prior to the laser treatment process. Nitrogen at high pressure is used as an assisting gas during the laser melting. Morphological and metallurgical changes in the treated layer are examined using scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Microhardness of the treated surface is measured and the residual stress formed at the treated surface vicinity is obtained using the X-ray diffraction technique. It is found that a dense layer consisting of fine grains is formed at the treated surface. Microhardness of the treated surface improves significantly because of fine grains, nitride compounds formed at the surface and micro-stresses developed due to mismatched of thermal expansion coefficients of B₄C and the base material. The residual stress formed at the surface is suppressed by the self annealing effect of the initially formed laser scans.