Introduction

Greenhouse gas (GHG) anthropogenic emission in the atmosphere has been the ultimate cause of the current climatic change. Among the main sources of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, burning of fossil fuels has been identified as the main concern in the current century. As reported by the International Energy Agency (IEA), the global energy consumption based on fossil fuel amounts to about 80% of the total global energy demand. This resulted in the emission of 32.3 Gt of CO₂ to the atmosphere in the year 2014. Recent findings indicated that about 40% of the global CO₂ emission is a direct result of electricity generation, with more than 30% coming from fossil fuels. Several routes for lowering CO₂ emissions can be applied including increasing of plant efficiency (provides a reduction of CO₂ emission by 2–3% for increasing plant efficiency by 1%), decreasing of carbon content in the fuel by utilizing less carbon fuels, reducing unnecessary fuel consumption, and employing carbon capture and storage technologies.