Integrating Human Factors in Industry 4.0 Maintenance: A Conceptual Framework

This study discusses the integration of human factors in the maintenance process of Industry 4.0 by focusing on the improvement of system efficiency, reliability and human well-being. A literature-based analysis outlines four categories of factors, including individual, technological, process, and organizational factors, which together influence human-system interaction and performance. The proposed framework emphasizes the need for training, ergonomics, predictive maintenance, data management, and leadership support as key factors in human-centered maintenance. Findings show that technological and process dimensions have been widely explored, while human and organizational dimensions are relatively less explored. The suggested framework provides practical guidance for making human capabilities and digital technologies compatible to enhance productivity, safety, and sustainability in Industry 4.0 environments.