Integrated BIM-GIS and finite element-based framework for building planning and design

The rapid growth of the construction industry toward taller and increasingly complex structures has intensified challenges in infrastructure planning and design. Conventional practice remains heavily dependent on loosely coordinated workflows and two-dimensional (2D) drawings, often leading to design inconsistencies. Although Building Information Modeling (BIM) has improved collaboration within the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) industry, its integration with advanced structural analysis tools and site-level decision support systems remains limited. This study proposes an integrated BIM–Finite Element Method (FEM) framework that establishes a unified digital workflow between architectural modeling and structural analysis. The proposed framework is validated through a 10-story building case study located near the G-9 intersection in Islamabad, Pakistan. Parametric three-dimensional (3D) models are employed to replace traditional 2D drawings. In addition, the BIM model is integrated with Geographic Information System (GIS) to support site suitability analysis and landscape contextualization. Automated quantity take-offs and structural detailing are performed within the same digital environment. The results demonstrate that the proposed framework enhances coordination, facilitates integrated and coherent workflows, and supports informed decision-making throughout the design process. Furthermore, the framework can be extended to integrate mechanical, electrical, and plumbing (MEP) systems, reducing execution-phase clashes and enabling holistic project delivery.