Inorganic solid electrolytes for all-solid-state lithium/sodium-ion batteries: recent developments and applications

The rapid evolution in electrolyte engineering has significantly propelled the development of synthesis and the precise tailoring of the properties of inorganic solid electrolytes (ISEs). These advancements are crucial to meeting the stringent performance requirements of high-performance all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs). This review comprehensively summarizes recent progress in the synthesis techniques and electrochemical characteristics of various ISEs, including oxides, sulfides, hydroborates, antiperovskites, and halides, highlighting their applications in ASSBs. Additionally, we review key challenges in ASSB development, such as the limited compatibility between ISEs and electrodes, and the detrimental interfacial reactions. Strategies to overcome these challenges, including the use of composite cathodes and solid interface layers, are discussed. Finally, we present current ASSB models and propose emerging approaches driving the future development of ASSBs for the next generation of energy storage solutions.