Incorporation of oxygen into thermally evaporated germanium and optical characterization of the resulting films

M. F. Al-Kuhaili; S. M.A. Durrani

doi:10.1063/1.2776007

Incorporation of oxygen into thermally evaporated germanium and optical characterization of the resulting films

M. F. Al-Kuhaili^*, S. M.A. Durrani

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

4 Scopus citations

Abstract

Germanium powder was thermally evaporated under a vacuum onto unheated substrates as well as substrates heated to 200 °C. The striking feature was that the resulting films were transparent. Chemical analysis using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy depth profiling indicated that oxygen was present throughout the thickness of the films, and therefore the films were composed of substoichiometric germanium oxide. The source of oxygen was investigated, and traced to the source material. Subsequently, the optical constants and the band gaps of the films were determined from spectrophotometric measurements. These properties were found to be intermediate between those of pure germanium and germanium dioxide, with values appropriate for optical applications in the visible range.

Original language	English
Article number	053512
Journal	Journal of Applied Physics
Volume	102
Issue number	5
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2776007
State	Published - 2007

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
The authors acknowledge the support provided by the Physics Department and the Research Institute of King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals.

ASJC Scopus subject areas

General Physics and Astronomy

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10.1063/1.2776007

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title = "Incorporation of oxygen into thermally evaporated germanium and optical characterization of the resulting films",

abstract = "Germanium powder was thermally evaporated under a vacuum onto unheated substrates as well as substrates heated to 200 °C. The striking feature was that the resulting films were transparent. Chemical analysis using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy depth profiling indicated that oxygen was present throughout the thickness of the films, and therefore the films were composed of substoichiometric germanium oxide. The source of oxygen was investigated, and traced to the source material. Subsequently, the optical constants and the band gaps of the films were determined from spectrophotometric measurements. These properties were found to be intermediate between those of pure germanium and germanium dioxide, with values appropriate for optical applications in the visible range.",

author = "Al-Kuhaili, \{M. F.\} and Durrani, \{S. M.A.\}",

note = "Funding Information: The authors acknowledge the support provided by the Physics Department and the Research Institute of King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals. ",

year = "2007",

doi = "10.1063/1.2776007",

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volume = "102",

journal = "Journal of Applied Physics",

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T1 - Incorporation of oxygen into thermally evaporated germanium and optical characterization of the resulting films

AU - Al-Kuhaili, M. F.

AU - Durrani, S. M.A.

N1 - Funding Information: The authors acknowledge the support provided by the Physics Department and the Research Institute of King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals.

PY - 2007

Y1 - 2007

N2 - Germanium powder was thermally evaporated under a vacuum onto unheated substrates as well as substrates heated to 200 °C. The striking feature was that the resulting films were transparent. Chemical analysis using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy depth profiling indicated that oxygen was present throughout the thickness of the films, and therefore the films were composed of substoichiometric germanium oxide. The source of oxygen was investigated, and traced to the source material. Subsequently, the optical constants and the band gaps of the films were determined from spectrophotometric measurements. These properties were found to be intermediate between those of pure germanium and germanium dioxide, with values appropriate for optical applications in the visible range.

AB - Germanium powder was thermally evaporated under a vacuum onto unheated substrates as well as substrates heated to 200 °C. The striking feature was that the resulting films were transparent. Chemical analysis using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy depth profiling indicated that oxygen was present throughout the thickness of the films, and therefore the films were composed of substoichiometric germanium oxide. The source of oxygen was investigated, and traced to the source material. Subsequently, the optical constants and the band gaps of the films were determined from spectrophotometric measurements. These properties were found to be intermediate between those of pure germanium and germanium dioxide, with values appropriate for optical applications in the visible range.

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/34548633594

U2 - 10.1063/1.2776007

DO - 10.1063/1.2776007

M3 - Article

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SN - 0021-8979

VL - 102

JO - Journal of Applied Physics

JF - Journal of Applied Physics

IS - 5

M1 - 053512

ER -

Incorporation of oxygen into thermally evaporated germanium and optical characterization of the resulting films

Abstract

Bibliographical note

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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