Improving Oil Recovery through Low Salinity Waterflooding and Nanoparticles: A Mini Review

Low salinity waterflooding has become increasingly popular to improve recovery efficiency in matured oil fields. Numerous underlying mechanisms behind the low salinity waterflooding have been suggested. The wettability alteration is recognized as the fundamental mechanism for low salinity waterflooding. However, a more comprehensive understanding of these phenomena still needs to be provided. Therefore, a thorough analysis of the underlying mechanisms and influencing factors is necessary for the efficacy of low salinity waterflooding in improving oil recovery. The application of nanoparticles to improve oil recovery processes is a promising technology, experiencing rapid expansion. Numerous investigations have shown that integrating nanoparticles in waterflooding may increase oil recovery and facilitate the flow of residual oil trapped inside the reservoir rock. This study also provides a thorough and contemporary review of the synergetic effect of nanoparticles and low salinity waterflooding on improving oil recovery. Nanoparticles interacting with reservoir fluids cause wettability alteration, decreased interfacial tension, and increased disjoining pressure. The studies suggest that integrating nanoparticles into low salinity waterflooding resulted in a higher efficiency than the conventional low salinity waterflooding method. However, a proper understanding of reservoir characteristics and the properties of the injected fluid and nanoparticles can significantly improve the effectiveness of nanofluids in improving oil recovery.