Abstract
The lifespan of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is influenced by operational and storage degradation. Storage degradation, known as calendar aging, is primarily affected by storage temperature and state of charge (SoC). While manufacturers typically set the lowest recommended storage temperature at -20°C, most datasheets lack specific guidance on safe SoC levels for storage. This paper investigates the impact of various SoC levels (0%, 50%, and 100%) on LIBs stored at -20°C over six months. The paper specifically examines changes in discharge capacity, internal impedance, electrochemical behavior, and physical characteristics as a function of calendar ageing, and recommends SoC conditions to minimize long-term impacts on battery health during storage.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Title of host publication | 2025 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, PESGM 2025 |
| Publisher | IEEE Computer Society |
| ISBN (Electronic) | 9798331509958 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - 2025 |
| Event | 2025 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, PESGM 2025 - Austin, United States Duration: 27 Jul 2025 → 31 Jul 2025 |
Publication series
| Name | IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting |
|---|---|
| ISSN (Print) | 1944-9925 |
| ISSN (Electronic) | 1944-9933 |
Conference
| Conference | 2025 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, PESGM 2025 |
|---|---|
| Country/Territory | United States |
| City | Austin |
| Period | 27/07/25 → 31/07/25 |
Bibliographical note
Publisher Copyright:© 2025 IEEE.
Keywords
- Calendar aging
- discharge capacity
- lithium-ion battery
- state of charge
- sub-zero temperature
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
- Nuclear Energy and Engineering
- Energy Engineering and Power Technology
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering